Abnormal muscle tone

Abnormal muscle tone present in many different forms: 

• Hypotonia
• Hypertonia
• Rigidity 
• Dystonia
• Spasticity 

HYPOTONIA also know as floppy baby syndrome –low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to stretch in a muscle), often involving reduced muscle strength. //(hipotonia-stan zmniejszonego napięcia mm)

HYPERTONIA –high muscle tone. Hypertonia is a condition marked by an abnormal increase in muscle tension and  reduced ability of a muscle to stretch. Hypertonia can present clinically as either spasticity or rigidity . (wzmożone napięcie mm)

RIGIDITY (hypokinesia) refers to decreased bodily  movement. Patients with hypokinetic disorder such as Parkinson’s disease can experience muscles stiffness or heaviness.// (Sztywność mm/wzmożone napięcie mm typu pozapiramidowego)

• Lead pipe rigidity results when an increase in muscle tone causes a sustained resistance to passive movement throughout the whole range of motion, with no fluctuations.// (objaw rury ołowianej)

• Cogwheel rigidity is a combination of lead-pipe rigidity and tremor which presents as a jerky resistance to passive movement as muscles tense and relax. // (objaw koła zębatego)

DYSTONIA is a neurological movement disorder in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures // (dystonia – występowanie ruchów mimowolnych powodujących skręcanie i wyginanie różnych części ciała, przez co chory przybiera często nienaturalną postawę)

SPASTICITY also know as “tightness”, stiffness, or “pull” of muscles is a muscle control disorder that is characterized by tight or stiff muscles and an inability to control those muscles.// (spastyczność)

Resource: Wikipedia